{"id":401,"date":"2022-10-04T12:05:14","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T12:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/?post_type=product&p=401"},"modified":"2022-10-04T12:05:14","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T12:05:14","slug":"loai-tinh-tinh-thu-3","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/product\/loai-tinh-tinh-thu-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u00e0i Tinh Tinh th\u1ee9 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lo\u00e0i Tinh Tinh Th\u1ee9 Ba – S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a V\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai C\u1ee7a Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u00fa c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn t\u1edbi khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam?<\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i tinh tinh chia s\u1ebd t\u1edbi 98% s\u1ed1 gen di truy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y – t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1 th\u00ec lo\u00e0i tinh tinh h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. V\u1eady 2% s\u00f3 gen c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 chung ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a? Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc – t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Pulizer, Jared Diamond \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n I:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m cho t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, v\u00e0 gen cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung. 98% b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tinh tinh, v\u1eady th\u00ec 2% m\u00e3 gen c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ra sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n II:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn nu\u00f4i con sau khi cai s\u1eefa, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n; r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4i; r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con c\u00e1i; r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u cho t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng b\u00e0; v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e3n kinh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n III:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta?<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n IV:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ea1nh tranh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. T\u00ednh b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t b\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n V:<\/strong>\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng th\u00fa d\u1eef \u0103n th\u1ecbt m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u00fa d\u1eef \u0103n t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i con m\u1ed3i khi ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi hay c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn La M\u00e3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 11.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u00fa l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_cat":[23,27,28],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-401","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","product_cat-sach","product_cat-sach-khoa-hoc","product_cat-sach-lich-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bookscollective.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}